But when the king came in to see the guests, he saw a man there who did not have on a wedding garment. So he said to him, ‘Friend, how did you come in here without a wedding garment?‘ And he was speechless. Then the king said to the servants, ‘Bind him hand and foot, take him away, and cast him into outer darkness; there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.’
Matthew 22:11-13, NKJV
Wedding feasts are a fairly well-known motif in the parables of Jesus, though He threw some unexpected elements into the mix. And more than one Bible expositor has wandered off into the woods by misunderstanding some of those elements. But I think with some due diligence in identifying the themes and obvious elements, the rest can be safely surmised without unwarranted imaginative speculations.
So what’s this story about? I think it’s safe to say Jesus was talking about God the Father having a wedding feast for Jesus, and that we should expect a “bride” and wedding guests. The presence of the bride must be assumed and this is a reasonable assumption, but she’s not mentioned because the parable is not about her. Rather, it’s about the guests.
And who might they be? The Jews, looking through the Old Testament catalog of types and figures, might have a problem with this. They understood “Israel” to be the wife of God. Everyone else – the “not Israel” crowd – would be “gentile dogs” (or worse) in the contemplation of the Jews. For us, we’d see the probability that the king called his guests without racial distinction. His instructions were to go everywhere and invite “as many as you find.”
So we have a wedding, a bride and groom, and guests. And among the guests is one without a wedding garment. According to https://bible-history.com/biblestudy/marriage “all guests were given special garments, clothing of festivity.” So the host provided the wedding garments to the guests, and for whatever reason this particular guest was not properly attired.
So what “garment” might be in view? The usual thought is that all believers are automatically clothed with the righteousness of Christ. But in Galatians 3:27 we read, “for as many of you as were baptized into Christ have put on Christ.”
A few thoughts here: first, that “as many of you” suggest a segment of the total audience. In other words, the suggestion may be that Paul was saying, “This applies to those of you who were baptized into Christ.“ ”Putting on Christ” is equated with being baptized into Him, and presumably those who trust Christ for remission of sins can either “put on Christ” or not. What does it mean to “put on Christ?” Perhaps “take on His characteristics and values” as suggested by one commentator at BibleHub. This makes it appear that “putting on Christ” is a post-salvation option. However, 1 Cor. 12:13 seems to say that the spiritual experience of baptism (presumably distinct from water immersion) is the entry point to the body of Christ. That is, “putting on Christ” happens automatically as soon as someone is saved. In this case, the saved person does not properly “put on” Christ, but Christian character is automatically put on him. So there are several perspectives, and we must ask: which squares with both scripture AND experience?
Second, maybe just a reference to water baptism, as others believe. I’ve explored this a bit in other blog posts, but simply encourage every unbaptized believer to study each scripture that deals with baptism and come to your own prayerful conclusion, and then obey your Spirit-led conclusions. One point that needs to be made is that is the spiritual experience and not the water ritual that establishes the reconciled relationship between a man and God.
My own conclusion is that these folks who don’t have a wedding garment and are relegated to the “outer darkness” are saved people. This does not speak to justification, but rather to sanctification. And while sanctification is both possible and available, it is not automatic. It is initiated at the point of salvation, but its development happens only with human effort. We are commanded to “grow up in all things in Christ” and “put on the new man” (Eph. 4:15, 24). Like any command, we can obey or disobey. But there are severe and eternal consequences for disobedience.
Sanctification, in the last place, is absolutely necessary in order to train and prepare us for heaven. Most men hope to go to heaven when they die; but few, it may be feared, take the trouble to consider whether they would enjoy heaven if they got there. Heaven is essentially a holy place; its inhabitants are all holy; its occupations are all holy. To be really happy in heaven, it is clear and plain that we must be somewhat trained and made ready for heaven while we are on earth.
We must be saints before we die, if we are to be saints afterwards in glory. The favorite idea of many, that dying men need nothing except absolution and forgiveness of sins to fit them for their great change, is a profound delusion. We need the work of the Holy Spirit as well as the work of Christ; we need renewal of the heart as well as the atoning blood; we need to be sanctified as well as to be justified.
It is common to hear people saying on their death-beds, “I only want the Lord to forgive me my sins, and take me to rest.” But those who say such things forget that the rest of heaven would be utterly useless if we had no heart to enjoy it! What could an unsanctified man do in heaven, if by any chance he got there? No man can possibly be happy in a place where he is not in his element, and where all around him is not congenial to his tastes, habits, and character.
Holiness, J.C. Ryle (1887) p. 34 (emphasis in original)
Ryle seems to go to the point that some level of sanctification is NECESSARY in order to go to heaven. I think Matthew 22 refutes that notion. Salvation is still by grace, through faith, not of ourselves. Christ CLEARLY does for us what we could NEVER do for ourselves.
But what’s next? If sanctification is also totally of Christ and is automatic in the life of the saved man, then why all the rest? Why are we directed to strive toward holiness if it’s automatic? Why are we admonished to grow in grace, to grow up in all things in Christ, if it’s God’s plan to reward equally those who obey Him and those who don’t?
I think we know the answer, and it has something to do with getting serious about personal, Biblical holiness. Maybe turning off the TV, throwing some unwholesome books and magazines into the trash, committing to regular personal Bible study, and earnestly applying the Word of God to our daily lives. Taking God and the Bible seriously – VERY seriously – as we see Jesus’ return drawing nearer.
I close with a modern parable that may illustrate this “outer darkness” thing more clearly. A man has three sons, a 10-year-old, a 5-year-old, and an infant son of 6 months. He takes all three to Chuck E Cheese for an afternoon of fun. (I mean, how cool is that??) The eldest is in a venue designed for him, and he can play all the games and engage in all the available activities. There are some things the second son can also do, but some things are just beyond him. For the infant, he remains in his infant carrier, off to the side and out of the way. He can’t participate at all, because he’s simply too immature. He’s as much a son as the other two, but he is relegated to “outer darkness.”
Jesus is not interested in an immature bride. This is one reason I hold to the idea that the bride of Christ is a subset of the church. There are still believers among us who simply have no interest in growing up. I’m not judging anyone; it’s way too late for that. Personal holiness is not instantaneous, nor is it a spiritual gift. It encompasses spiritual fruit, which we’re all expected to grow. How’s your wedding garment coming along?
May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with you all.